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The term for the individual or entity that causes goods to enter the U.S. is an importer. An importer is responsible for bringing goods from foreign countries into the U.S. market, which involves complying with various regulations and ensuring that the necessary duties and taxes are paid. This role is essential in international trade as it supports the flow of goods into the country.

Each of the other roles mentioned serves different functions within the logistics and trade process. An exporter is the party that sends goods out of a country, which in this case would not pertain to bringing goods into the U.S. A freight forwarder is an intermediary that organizes the movement of goods, facilitating transportation but not directly responsible for the importation itself. A shipping agent acts on behalf of the shipping company, managing logistics but not directly causing goods to enter the country. Thus, the definition of an importer clearly distinguishes this role as the one that directly affects the importation of goods into the United States.