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The correct section of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) that addresses "unforeseen emergencies" related to nonimmigrants who are without proper documentation is 212(d)(4)(A). This section is significant because it provides flexibility to the Secretary of Homeland Security to grant temporary admission to nonimmigrants in unforeseen or emergent situations.

This authority is crucial in circumstances where individuals may not have the necessary documentation due to unexpected events or emergencies, allowing for their admission while ensuring that they do not pose a risk to public safety or security. It caters specifically to situations that require immediate attention and response, thereby demonstrating a compassionate approach towards particular individuals in distress.

Other sections mentioned focus on different aspects of immigration law. For instance, 211(b) relates to the requirements for nonimmigrants entering the U.S. and 212(g)(3) pertains to specific health-related grounds of inadmissibility, while 245(i) deals with adjustment of status for certain individuals who may have violated immigration laws but are eligible for adjustment under specific circumstances.